Anchored in the dynamic logic of « instituting society », the present reflection aims to put in perspective the choices which contemporary societies are facing in response to the double movement of differentiation of the individuals composing these societies: an interindividual differentiation resulting from the heterogenization of their cultural origins in the context more diverse and increasing migratory fluxes; an intraindividual differentiation resulting from the multiplication of the socializing milieus and social networks in which these individuals move. The “ecologization of thought” which substitutes the notion of “organizing complexity” to that of “organized complexity” enriches the nature of the bound between the individual and his environment by integrating a dialogical dimension by which the individual becomes both a product and the producer of the social environment he lives in. It is through the lenses of this transformation of the anthropological gaze that we have tried to interpret the contemporary challenges of renewing sociological theories and community policies.