In this report based on the 2006 census data, the author discusses early childhood from a new viewpoint: cultural independence.  As explained by the author in his text, cultural independence within a minority linguistic group consists in taking ownership of the environmental components that can contribute the most to its vitality or revitalization.  He intends to demonstrate that early childhood is an influencing and deciding factor in the vitality of Francophone and Acadian communities and that it forms the very foundation of cultural independence.