Fédéralisme et identités collectives au Canada et en Belgique : des itinéraires différents, une fragmentation similaire
Year:
1996
Author :
Volume and number:
, 29
Collection:
, 3
Journal:
, Canadian Journal of Political Science / Revue canadienne de science politique
Pages :
, 435-468
Abstract
La fin du 20e siècle est marquée au sceau des tensions entre universalisme et particularismes, tensions particulièrement criantes dans les pays plurinationaux et polyethniques. Cet article vise d'abord à montrer l'importance-et la difficulté-d'en arriver à un réel équilibre entre unité et diversité dans les pays à forte pluralité. Même dans des cas comme le Canada et la Belgique, où les conditions sont parmi les plus favorables, les solutions fédérales adoptées depuis les années soixante sont loin d'avoir mené à un tel équilibre. La comparaison de l'évolution du fédéralisme et des identités collectives au Canada et en Belgique indique que des solutions fédérales opposées ont conduit à une fragmentation identitaire similaire. Ni le pancanadianisme issu de la vision de Pierre Trudeau, ni la constitutionnalisation du cloisonnement culturel et linguistique en Belgique n'ont permis de s'approcher de l'équilibre. Ces choix ont même contribué aux processus de fragmentation déjà en cours, le premier par excès d'universalisme, le second par excès de particularisme. La dernière partie de l'article cherche à évaluer les implications de ces résultats pour les débats sur la citoyenneté en philosophie politique.
The end of the twentieth century is marked by tensions between universalism and particularism which are particularly glaring in plurinational and pluriethnic countries. This article attempts first to demonstrate the importance and the difficulty in reaching a balance between unity and diversity in pluralistic countries. Even in the cases of Canada and Belgium, where conditions are among the most favourable, federal solutions adopted since the 1960s have not achieved the desired balance. A comparison of the evolution of federalism and collective identities in both Canada and Belgium reveals that opposing federal solutions have led to a similar fragmentation of identities. Pierre Trudeau's pancanadianism and the constitutional linguistic and cultural cloisonnement in Belgium have inhibited the realization of balance between unity and diversity. These choices have further contributed to the fragmentation process already in progress, the first through excessive universalism, the second through excessive particularism. The last part of the article seeks to evaluate the implications of these results for the debates on citizenship in political philosophy.
The end of the twentieth century is marked by tensions between universalism and particularism which are particularly glaring in plurinational and pluriethnic countries. This article attempts first to demonstrate the importance and the difficulty in reaching a balance between unity and diversity in pluralistic countries. Even in the cases of Canada and Belgium, where conditions are among the most favourable, federal solutions adopted since the 1960s have not achieved the desired balance. A comparison of the evolution of federalism and collective identities in both Canada and Belgium reveals that opposing federal solutions have led to a similar fragmentation of identities. Pierre Trudeau's pancanadianism and the constitutional linguistic and cultural cloisonnement in Belgium have inhibited the realization of balance between unity and diversity. These choices have further contributed to the fragmentation process already in progress, the first through excessive universalism, the second through excessive particularism. The last part of the article seeks to evaluate the implications of these results for the debates on citizenship in political philosophy.
Theme :
CanadaIdentity
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