Endiguer la marée linguistique. Le cas de la komie en Russie
Year:
2007
Author :
Volume and number:
, 31
Journal:
, Anthropologie et Sociétés
Pages :
, 163-182
Abstract
Cet article examine l’histoire d’un peuple et d’une langue. D’abord connu par son nom « Perm », il fut ensuite appelé « Zyriène » et maintenant « Komi » depuis le début du 20e siècle. Le déclin de la langue komi va de pair avec l’ascension d’un autre peuple, dit « Slave » ensuite « Roussin » et enfin « Rousskii » (Russe). Le cas komi n’est pas atypique : les forces qui minent la vitalité linguistique des Komis sont à peu près identiques chez maints autres peuples minoritaires, y compris chez les francophones minoritaires de l’ouest canadien, dont l’auteur de cet article est originaire. Ce qui tue finalement une langue ce ne sont pas les politiques d’État et les autres forces sociales qui favorisent une langue dominante aux dépens d’une langue minoritaire, mais la gêne et la honte du peuple minoritaire. Dans cet article, nous examinons l’histoire de la langue et du peuple komi ainsi que les actions quotidiennes qui dévalorisent la langue et l’identité de ce peuple indigène devenu une minorité démographique dans la République komie.
This article examines the history of a people and a language. First known under as the « Perm », they were renamed « Zyrian » and finally « Komi » in the 20th century. The decline of the Komi language can be correlated to the rise of another people called « Slavs » and then « Rusin » and finally « Russkii » (Russian). The case of the Komi is not atypical: the forces that undermine the Komi language are virtually identical to the problems faced by most minority languages, including the French language of Western Canada. What will finally kill a language are not solely the political and social forces that favor one language over another, but the shame and the stigma that are attached to a minority language. This article is therefore a history of the Komi language and an examination of the day-to-day actions that devalue the language of the minority, in this case the ethnic Komi that have been a minority even within its traditional territory and the contemporary Komi Republic located within the Russian Federation.
This article examines the history of a people and a language. First known under as the « Perm », they were renamed « Zyrian » and finally « Komi » in the 20th century. The decline of the Komi language can be correlated to the rise of another people called « Slavs » and then « Rusin » and finally « Russkii » (Russian). The case of the Komi is not atypical: the forces that undermine the Komi language are virtually identical to the problems faced by most minority languages, including the French language of Western Canada. What will finally kill a language are not solely the political and social forces that favor one language over another, but the shame and the stigma that are attached to a minority language. This article is therefore a history of the Komi language and an examination of the day-to-day actions that devalue the language of the minority, in this case the ethnic Komi that have been a minority even within its traditional territory and the contemporary Komi Republic located within the Russian Federation.
Theme :
CanadaHistory and folkloreIdentityLinguistic minoritiesSociolinguistic
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